@ This file written with the Avid Caption plugin, version 1 10:03:06:08 10:03:09:04 Jeannette Vollant calling out to Claire Jourdain, 10:03:09:06 10:03:11:21 she says you have her bag. 10:03:27:01 10:03:30:06 When this song ends, I'm going to start. 10:03:30:10 10:03:32:11 When the song's over. 10:03:38:00 10:03:40:15 You seem to know what you're doing. 10:03:40:18 10:03:43:08 I said you seem to know what you're doing. 10:03:45:05 10:03:48:19 -Hello, Mitshapeu. -Hello, Joyce! 10:03:49:02 10:03:52:23 -How are you? -Well. I'm doing just fine. 10:03:54:00 10:03:56:13 This morning, 10:03:56:15 10:04:01:11 we're going to be discussing the Innu language. 10:04:01:14 10:04:04:05 Will you tell us your thoughts? 10:04:05:22 10:04:08:21 Innu is a difficult language. 10:04:09:04 10:04:12:16 Even for people who understand it very well, 10:04:12:19 10:04:15:21 sometimes they don't understand 10:04:15:23 10:04:18:06 what you're trying to tell them. 10:04:18:08 10:04:20:21 There are different dialects, too. 10:04:20:23 10:04:26:21 People my age still use old words, from the old days. 10:04:27:19 10:04:30:08 Young people today 10:04:30:10 10:04:37:09 have trouble understanding me when I speak. 10:04:38:13 10:04:43:16 One day, when I'm gone, and the other elders as well, 10:04:43:18 10:04:46:10 all that will be lost. 10:05:53:13 10:05:55:21 I'm Norma Einish. 10:05:56:00 10:05:59:06 What you're doing is a good thing, of course, 10:05:59:08 10:06:02:01 because it would be a shame if we lost our language. 10:06:02:04 10:06:04:04 That's what's happening at my home. 10:06:04:06 10:06:06:13 They are grownups, 10:06:06:15 10:06:09:16 but they still forget the language. 10:06:09:18 10:06:12:13 Sometimes, I don't understand them. 10:06:12:15 10:06:15:03 I have to ask, "What is it?" 10:06:15:05 10:06:18:04 and they show it to me and say, "This is it". 10:06:18:06 10:06:21:10 And then I tell them what it's called. 10:06:21:20 10:06:24:01 I tell them not to talk to me in English 10:06:24:03 10:06:25:23 because I don't understand it. 10:06:26:01 10:06:28:16 I tell them I only understand Naskapi. 10:06:28:20 10:06:31:16 Of course, it would be good, 10:06:31:18 10:06:35:06 because even my grandkids use English words 10:06:35:17 10:06:38:01 and I don't understand them. 10:06:41:09 10:06:45:03 You just heard Norma Einish. 10:06:45:21 10:06:49:09 I recorded her talking about what she thinks 10:06:49:12 10:06:52:06 about the project I want to do 10:06:52:09 10:06:56:06 to put the Naskapi language on the air. 10:06:58:11 10:07:02:19 Here is the vocabulary list I want to discuss this morning. 10:07:02:21 10:07:05:05 We'll talk about colours. 10:07:05:07 10:07:08:06 For example: it's grey. 10:07:08:19 10:07:10:00 He/she is grey. 10:07:10:12 10:07:12:00 They are grey. 10:07:12:09 10:07:14:11 They look grey from far away. 10:07:14:14 10:07:16:16 It looks grey from far away. 10:07:16:18 10:07:23:00 These are the five ways to describe colour. 10:07:23:02 10:07:24:14 It is brown. 10:07:24:16 10:07:26:16 He/she is brown. 10:07:27:00 10:07:28:15 They are brown. 10:07:28:17 10:07:30:04 They look brown from far away. 10:07:30:06 10:07:32:01 It looks brown from far away. 10:07:32:03 10:07:34:14 Those are the different ways 10:07:34:16 10:07:37:14 of describing how you see something 10:07:38:04 10:07:40:01 in native language. 10:07:40:23 10:07:45:05 These words I’m going to read next 10:07:45:07 10:07:48:01 are used on a daily basis. 10:08:17:01 10:08:23:18 We don't have a word for "excuse me" in Naskapi. 10:08:23:20 10:08:26:19 I'm going to take a break. 10:08:26:21 10:08:30:18 It's 7:27 right now, here on Naskapi radio. 10:08:43:19 10:08:50:15 I got the call saying there will be school today. 10:08:51:13 10:08:55:21 Get your kids ready and send them to school. 10:08:56:09 10:09:00:15 It's not very cold, it's just blowing snow. 10:15:00:21 10:15:05:06 When we moved to houses and the children started school, 10:15:05:10 10:15:08:13 we stopped being responsible for our children. 10:15:08:16 10:15:11:11 Only the teachers were responsible. 10:15:11:19 10:15:14:05 Our way of life quickly diminished. 10:15:14:07 10:15:15:11 Our precious way. 10:15:16:06 10:15:18:01 Right, Anna? 10:15:18:10 10:15:21:14 Those who were sent to residential schools 10:15:21:17 10:15:25:14 were not allowed to speak Inuttitut at all. 10:15:25:16 10:15:28:03 They feel very sorry about it. 10:15:28:05 10:15:32:04 And also about losing the Inuit hunting and culture. 10:15:32:07 10:15:35:09 They were forced to lose it. 10:15:36:01 10:15:39:13 In the past, there were many Inuit. 10:15:39:15 10:15:43:03 We kept hunting and travelling from coast to coast. 10:15:43:05 10:15:46:01 Her parents and my parents. 10:15:46:03 10:15:49:04 We lived in another region up north. 10:15:49:06 10:15:51:16 Then we travelled back here by dog team. 10:15:51:18 10:15:53:20 Some people just walked. 10:15:53:22 10:15:57:00 They did that. They were very skilled. 10:15:57:02 10:15:59:16 Our ancestors were very skilled, weren't they? 10:15:59:18 10:16:02:19 They didn’t brag about being skilled. 10:16:02:21 10:16:06:01 They had to be skilled to survive. 10:16:07:08 10:16:11:00 As if death were their enemy. They were just like that. 10:16:11:03 10:16:14:04 They were trying to survive, to live. 10:19:01:08 10:19:05:14 Then you walk this way. You cross the river here. 10:19:06:18 10:19:09:06 Then you reach Kamihkwamishkau. 10:19:09:11 10:19:12:03 It's called Moses Ounibeemeech. 10:19:12:05 10:19:15:00 It would be much easier if you were walking. 10:19:15:02 10:19:19:16 A long time ago, when people travelled on foot, 10:19:19:19 10:19:24:01 they would cross here, go straight through here, 10:19:24:03 10:19:26:23 and come out at Mishtomishkoumeu. 10:19:27:14 10:19:30:18 That was a long time ago, when people used snowshoes. 10:19:31:11 10:19:34:23 You're telling me about places where people used to walk. 10:19:35:01 10:19:37:23 But how do you know where they walked? 10:19:38:01 10:19:41:18 Because I saw all of it, a long time ago. 10:19:41:20 10:19:44:19 That's how I know where they walked. 10:19:44:22 10:19:47:13 Through Kaniapishkau, Badisoobau 10:19:48:04 10:19:50:16 and the place they call Kuashtajoon. 10:19:50:19 10:19:52:15 You saw all these places? 10:19:52:17 10:19:56:01 Yes, I saw all of them. Oudaynik, too. 10:19:56:13 10:20:00:15 -And this area, I saw all of it. -How did you get there? 10:20:00:18 10:20:02:00 By walking. 10:20:02:02 10:20:06:16 -You walked there, too? -Yeah, to go hunting. 10:20:07:02 10:20:09:19 Here is Oudaynik. 10:20:10:01 10:20:14:16 We got stuck here because of a snowstorm. 10:20:16:02 10:20:18:13 We came from Fort Mackenzie. 10:20:19:10 10:20:21:21 What is written there? 10:20:22:10 10:20:23:21 What, this? 10:20:24:06 10:20:25:16 Yeah, there. 10:20:26:02 10:20:27:13 I don't know. 10:20:28:13 10:20:32:14 It's in Naskapi. I don't know how to read it. 10:20:36:17 10:20:41:08 When you used to walk there, did you meet any other people? 10:20:41:19 10:20:42:21 Sometimes. 10:20:43:00 10:20:45:01 This is the route the Natives take. 10:20:45:04 10:20:47:06 Others go this way. 10:20:47:16 10:20:51:04 -Like who? -The hunters. 10:20:51:06 10:20:52:20 The Montagnais? 10:20:52:22 10:20:56:01 Yes, we saw the Montagnais there. 10:20:57:02 10:20:59:11 In front of Musuwaaw-siipiiy, 10:20:59:13 10:21:01:20 we always saw the Montagnais there. 10:21:01:22 10:21:06:00 -What about the Inuit? -No, we never saw the Inuit. 10:21:06:06 10:21:08:06 They were never there. 10:21:09:07 10:21:13:04 It was only after the cabins were built 10:21:13:06 10:21:17:06 that they came to Musuwaaw-siipiiy using a motor. 10:21:18:20 10:21:21:21 All the Natives came to Musuwaaw-siipiiy. 10:21:22:10 10:21:26:05 What other nations did you meet? The Crees? 10:21:26:07 10:21:31:20 Yes, of course. We met people from Goose Bay 10:21:31:22 10:21:34:19 and from Labrador 10:21:34:21 10:21:37:06 and the Montagnais. 10:21:37:09 10:21:41:11 The Montagnais came from far away. 10:21:42:14 10:21:46:01 We all spoke differently. A little bit. 10:21:46:17 10:21:48:10 We understood each other. 10:21:48:12 10:21:51:03 Listen to how the people from Goose Bay talk. 10:21:51:05 10:21:54:03 -They all sound similar? -Yeah. 10:21:55:00 10:21:56:16 They would sound different 10:21:56:19 10:21:59:00 if you didn't see them for a long time. 10:21:59:02 10:22:03:19 Did your father talk differently to the way you talk now? 10:22:03:22 10:22:05:08 And your grandfather? 10:22:05:10 10:22:09:19 They talked how I'm talking now. 10:22:10:16 10:22:14:21 They didn't hear lots of languages. 10:22:15:16 10:22:21:15 But we heard many languages, which influenced how we speak. 10:25:22:16 10:25:24:20 An Innu needs this. 10:25:25:15 10:25:28:06 There is where the Innu sees everything. 10:25:28:09 10:25:31:01 He sees how his hunt will be, 10:25:31:21 10:25:35:18 how it will unfold. 10:25:36:18 10:25:38:13 He beats the teueikan 10:25:39:10 10:25:42:10 before going on a hunt 10:25:44:05 10:25:47:21 to find out what he will kill. 10:25:48:00 10:25:54:11 He was also talking about what the Innu have lost. 10:25:54:14 10:25:56:15 We've lost our expertise. 10:25:57:04 10:26:01:11 Like the drum and instruments he was showing before. 10:27:51:05 10:27:53:16 Sled. 10:27:53:19 10:27:56:21 He pulls a sled. 10:27:57:03 10:27:59:09 Root. 10:27:59:23 10:28:04:01 He takes, buys, accepts. 10:28:04:10 10:28:08:10 He takes, buys, accepts. 10:28:09:04 10:28:11:19 He takes, buys, accepts. 10:28:13:18 10:28:18:08 Rib cage. 10:28:47:23 10:28:52:20 We'll listen to the animals, but we have to get ready first. 10:28:52:22 10:28:54:11 Come over here. 10:28:56:13 10:29:01:00 We have to get out the things we were using the other day. 10:29:01:12 10:29:03:04 We'll put them here. 10:29:06:20 10:29:11:11 Then we can listen to the birds. We can also hear moose. 10:29:22:13 10:29:29:09 From here, we can hear many animals all around us. 10:29:31:20 10:29:33:21 -Can you hear it? -Yes. 10:29:34:00 10:29:37:06 -You can hear something? -Yes. 10:29:37:10 10:29:38:21 Listen. 10:29:49:22 10:29:52:03 What do you hear? 10:29:52:07 10:29:54:04 I hear the river. 10:29:54:22 10:29:58:21 For every sound you hear, try to tell me what it is. 10:30:03:23 10:30:05:19 What else do you hear? 10:30:06:07 10:30:07:16 I hear a loon. 10:30:07:21 10:30:09:15 A loon? That's good. 10:30:14:03 10:30:16:11 When you hear a loon, 10:30:16:14 10:30:20:03 it means that there's a lake nearby. 10:30:47:18 10:30:51:05 -Can you hear anything else now? -No. 10:30:54:04 10:30:55:15 Listen to this. 10:30:58:13 10:30:59:21 You hear it? 10:31:02:01 10:31:05:01 That's how you know 10:31:05:16 10:31:10:14 what's coming towards you, when something's approaching. 10:31:11:10 10:31:18:09 Everything has its own sound when you listen closely. 10:31:48:22 10:31:53:00 It's your duty to learn these things. 10:31:54:00 10:31:56:16 Like which plants can be used as medicine. 10:31:56:20 10:32:02:06 Where to find plants to heal yourself. 10:32:02:18 10:32:06:23 If you're in the woods, for example, 10:32:07:19 10:32:10:18 and you don't have anything to heal yourself. 10:32:12:19 10:32:16:10 You can make tea with this one, for example. 10:32:18:14 10:32:21:00 There, that's good. 10:32:21:06 10:32:22:14 Come on. 10:33:16:05 10:33:18:05 Hey, my brother! 10:33:22:08 10:33:23:14 Did you make a fire? 10:33:24:07 10:33:26:21 -A fire? -Yes, I lit one. 10:33:27:02 10:33:29:10 And I brought some meat. 10:33:43:10 10:33:49:09 The Nehirowisiw soul isn't lost because it's in our bodies. 10:33:50:11 10:33:54:06 I respect the Nehirowisiw philosophy. 10:33:57:07 10:34:01:21 What exactly does the word mean? Tradition. 10:34:02:15 10:34:06:08 It means being able to live independently. 10:34:07:01 10:34:10:21 In my son's case, 10:34:11:00 10:34:15:09 I thought that I didn't teach him anything. 10:34:16:08 10:34:19:04 I wondered what he would do later. 10:34:19:22 10:34:22:11 Then one day, he called to me, 10:34:22:13 10:34:27:04 "Dad, come and look, I want to show you something!" 10:34:28:07 10:34:31:06 And there was his birch bark canoe sitting there. 10:34:31:10 10:34:34:19 He was 16 years old and it was a beautiful canoe. 10:34:34:22 10:34:37:08 I asked him, "Who taught you this?" 10:34:37:15 10:34:42:01 "You did. I watched grandfather, and I watched you, too." 10:34:42:05 10:34:44:11 Now, that's tradition! 10:34:44:15 10:34:48:01 We passed it on to him through observation. 10:34:48:12 10:34:54:23 When you are Nehirowisiw, you see with your soul. 10:34:57:11 10:35:01:20 Even when you're sleeping, your soul sees and learns. 10:35:06:01 10:35:08:21 Take blueberries, for example. 10:35:09:10 10:35:12:20 We call them "minic". 10:35:13:10 10:35:16:00 When you gather them, you pile up your thoughts, 10:35:16:02 10:35:18:03 each on top of the other. 10:35:18:15 10:35:25:03 When you're picking blueberries, you can connect to nature. 10:35:26:08 10:35:29:20 That's how you become attuned to nature. 10:35:31:04 10:35:37:11 When you harvest blueberries, something happens to you. 10:35:37:14 10:35:39:16 It's a magical feeling. 10:35:40:17 10:35:43:00 You can sense it. 10:35:45:04 10:35:47:21 And that's what it is to be Nehirowisiw. 10:35:48:00 10:35:50:06 To be able to do everything 10:35:50:10 10:35:53:01 and to be attuned to the nature around you. 10:35:53:04 10:35:55:06 To be autonomous. 10:44:00:22 10:44:04:11 Can you try and describe your dream house? 10:44:05:20 10:44:07:16 Do you want to tell us? 10:44:10:11 10:44:11:23 It's hard for me. 10:44:12:03 10:44:14:18 It's okay, we'll help you. 10:44:18:13 10:44:22:23 When you enter the house, 10:44:25:14 10:44:28:20 you come into an entrance room. 10:44:33:22 10:44:36:21 And there is a door. 10:44:38:23 10:44:42:00 You go through the door, 10:44:42:12 10:44:46:03 and to the right, there's a bathroom. 10:44:49:05 10:44:52:23 Then you go along the hall to the kitchen... 10:44:53:01 10:44:55:14 How do you say "to continue"? 10:44:56:12 10:44:58:01 Ienskón:tahkwe. 10:44:58:03 10:44:59:23 ...up to... 10:45:01:21 10:45:03:06 This is hard! 10:45:03:09 10:45:06:13 It's okay. It sounds like a nice house. 10:45:06:15 10:45:09:21 Where is the living room? 10:45:13:05 10:45:15:06 How do you say "upstairs"? 10:45:15:12 10:45:17:15 È:neken kanekotà:ke ienhseráthen. 10:45:17:17 10:45:21:21 You climb up the stairs, 10:45:23:07 10:45:27:01 and there are high ceilings up there. 10:45:29:19 10:45:32:09 Is that the end of your stories today? 10:45:32:23 10:45:36:18 Do you all know the word for "rabbit"? 10:45:37:21 10:45:39:13 The long word. 10:45:56:20 10:45:59:03 You have long ears. 10:46:04:18 10:46:07:09 Thank you, thank you! 10:46:13:07 10:46:15:04 Listen again. 10:46:32:22 10:46:39:00 "Tonta" means coming back again. 10:46:39:02 10:46:41:11 When would you use this word? 10:46:41:14 10:46:43:20 Sha'té:ioht? 10:46:44:06 10:46:48:20 Sha'té:ioht is when two things are the same. 10:47:03:03 10:47:05:00 Sha'tekeninòn:we's. 10:50:29:09 10:50:30:19 Kim! 10:50:31:15 10:50:34:00 Do you want him to look here or there? 10:50:34:02 10:50:38:00 You can look at me, like none of this is here. 10:50:39:19 10:50:43:19 All elders possess this knowledge. 10:50:44:07 10:50:48:10 We still know how to find the caribou. 10:50:48:12 10:50:52:21 In the past, the Natives always knew where the caribou was. 10:50:52:23 10:50:56:11 And the others knew as well. 10:50:56:22 10:50:58:06 It was part of us. 10:50:58:09 10:51:01:09 It wasn't sorcery or witchcraft, 10:51:01:15 10:51:06:10 it was knowledge and expertise. 10:51:06:17 10:51:10:00 Now I'll show you a skill of the Native people. 10:51:10:02 10:51:13:06 This is how we knew where the animals were. 10:51:13:08 10:51:16:11 This is a porcupine's shoulder blade. 10:51:17:10 10:51:20:06 They used scapulomancy. 10:51:21:01 10:51:23:14 They took the shoulder blade of an animal, 10:51:23:17 10:51:25:18 tied it to a branch 10:51:25:20 10:51:28:01 and put it over a fire. 10:51:28:19 10:51:31:11 And when the shoulder blade 10:51:31:13 10:51:37:13 is over the fire, it starts to get little holes in it, 10:51:37:16 10:51:42:03 and it shows you where the animals are, 10:51:42:06 10:51:44:23 as well as any Natives who are in trouble. 10:51:45:01 10:51:48:16 And it would show you to others who were sick. 10:51:48:22 10:51:52:23 It would show you things like hunger 10:51:53:01 10:51:54:13 and disease. 10:51:54:19 10:51:58:18 That's what our ancestors would do. 10:51:58:20 10:52:03:11 It's not easy for us to do these things today. 10:52:03:13 10:52:08:01 We can only tell our stories about how things were. 10:53:14:07 10:53:17:06 All of the caribou was used. 10:53:18:17 10:53:21:10 The hide, the antlers, the bones. 10:53:22:12 10:53:23:16 We tried everything, 10:53:23:19 10:53:27:06 and we were good at it because they taught us how. 10:53:28:07 10:53:30:01 Joseph, could you show them 10:53:30:04 10:53:32:21 which part you would use to make a hook? 10:53:39:12 10:53:42:06 They used this section here. 10:53:43:14 10:53:45:10 This long piece. 10:53:45:12 10:53:49:09 He says that this part was used to make a hook. 10:53:49:14 10:53:51:09 A fish hook. 10:53:51:11 10:53:54:15 A hook, like a metal one. 10:53:55:04 10:53:59:03 They would cut off this part to make a fish hook. 10:54:00:16 10:54:03:23 A student asked how you would 10:54:04:01 10:54:06:19 remove the hook from the fish. 10:54:07:20 10:54:09:11 You would gut it. 10:54:12:23 10:54:16:21 You would cut through the middle and you'd see the hook inside. 10:54:16:23 10:54:20:00 It's called gutting. 10:54:25:08 10:54:26:21 Let's read together. 10:54:29:08 10:54:33:03 Dear, Joseph, hello. 10:54:33:06 10:54:37:14 Thank you for coming here 10:54:37:21 10:54:44:08 and talking to us about fishing. 10:54:45:02 10:54:49:10 We wish you well, Joseph. 10:54:50:00 10:54:55:05 We thank you, from us in grade two. 10:54:55:23 10:54:57:11 They are so cute! 10:54:57:14 10:55:01:11 That was very pleasant. You sound very good. 10:55:07:00 10:55:09:11 "Miikun apesh", it says here. 10:55:14:03 10:55:16:01 It's called taawaahiikinaayaapiiy. 10:55:16:04 10:55:17:11 That's the drum itself, 10:55:17:15 10:55:21:18 and these are the words for the parts of the drum. 10:55:24:08 10:55:28:06 This is where they would dance in the shaputuan. 10:55:33:21 10:55:38:11 Here are the different houses they had, 10:55:38:15 10:55:40:13 and here are the snowshoes. 10:55:40:15 10:55:41:21 These here. 10:55:43:19 10:55:45:00 Waasikusiiun. 10:55:45:01 10:55:48:01 They're tassels to put on the snowshoe frame. 10:55:48:03 10:55:51:06 I read about it in syllabic somewhere. 10:55:51:14 10:55:53:21 They're called "achaak". 10:55:55:06 10:55:59:00 No, we call them "waasikusiiun". 10:56:03:05 10:56:05:09 They eat grass. 10:56:11:16 10:56:16:01 Here are the words for a caribou and all of its parts. 10:56:19:20 10:56:21:09 Skin. 10:56:23:03 10:56:24:11 Fur. 10:56:24:13 10:56:26:16 The hairs of the fur. 10:56:26:19 10:56:28:19 Antlers. Bones. 10:56:29:00 10:56:30:06 Head. 10:56:30:09 10:56:31:11 Eyes. 10:56:32:10 10:56:34:13 Throat. 10:56:35:21 10:56:37:11 Ears. 10:56:41:01 10:56:43:01 They start at the head? 10:56:43:04 10:56:45:21 Yes, and then the rest of the body. 10:56:46:00 10:56:47:19 A lot of vocabulary. 10:56:48:02 10:56:51:05 It would be good if there were a book. 10:56:51:08 10:56:54:06 To be distributed to each household. 10:56:54:16 10:56:55:21 Here. 10:56:56:23 10:56:59:04 Canoeing in the wilderness. 10:56:59:12 10:57:02:11 I was telling you about when we would canoe, 10:57:02:15 10:57:04:19 and we'd bring people 10:57:04:21 10:57:07:00 in our canoes. 10:57:12:16 10:57:15:23 The names you encounter in the wilderness. 10:57:53:04 10:57:57:05 I'm going to give you this medicine 10:57:58:02 10:58:00:11 right here. 10:58:01:04 10:58:02:11 On my hand? 10:58:04:20 10:58:07:08 You have to apply it 10:58:07:10 10:58:11:11 to the place where your heart is, 10:58:12:13 10:58:15:11 where your mind works and comes alive, 10:58:15:14 10:58:19:01 where your words come out, 10:58:19:04 10:58:23:00 and to your body, here on your shoulders. 10:58:24:02 10:58:25:16 -I start here? -Yes. 10:58:31:00 10:58:34:01 You can put it there. 10:58:38:03 10:58:40:08 And then here. 10:58:50:03 10:58:56:03 This is the place where our ancestors came 10:58:56:05 10:59:01:03 to rest and recover after a hunt. 10:59:01:18 10:59:06:13 They would bring their goods to the traders that came here, 10:59:07:00 10:59:12:08 the ones who would buy their furs. 10:59:16:03 10:59:20:14 And so that was what the missionaries saw: 10:59:21:05 10:59:25:01 they saw the First Nations people 10:59:25:05 10:59:30:11 when they were getting together and having fun. 10:59:30:21 10:59:34:00 The missionaries thought that was all they did. 10:59:34:03 10:59:39:01 Sleep, eat, feast and play. 10:59:39:03 10:59:44:00 And the missionaries wrote about what they saw. 10:59:45:08 10:59:50:11 They wrote that First Nations people were lazy! 10:59:58:03 11:00:01:18 It looks like they buried the opening. 11:00:03:01 11:00:06:05 Or maybe it happened naturally. 11:00:07:05 11:00:13:00 That's why hardly any gas comes out here. 11:00:13:02 11:00:16:05 It smells like sulfur. 11:00:18:02 11:00:20:21 They called it the sacred fire. 11:00:22:11 11:00:27:01 The water spring that would also spew fire. 11:00:27:03 11:00:31:19 Calling it Devil's Fountain is like demonizing the place. 11:00:33:07 11:00:35:06 I wanted to ask you, 11:00:35:09 11:00:39:15 what would you rename this place in French today? 11:00:41:10 11:00:45:01 We could call it the Site of the Sacred Fire. 11:00:45:04 11:00:47:19 Like we used to call it. 11:01:05:20 11:01:12:16 Did you have anything else to ask me, 11:01:14:11 11:01:18:04 or to tell me as we walk here? 11:01:20:17 11:01:21:23 I wanted to tell you 11:01:22:01 11:01:26:06 about what happened in our community. 11:01:26:15 11:01:30:01 We had two arcades, places to play. 11:01:31:10 11:01:33:19 When the arcades closed, 11:01:33:21 11:01:38:08 we spent our time watching movies. 11:01:38:23 11:01:42:21 But when we were done with our movies, 11:01:43:00 11:01:48:01 we spent much time talking, 11:01:48:13 11:01:51:16 and that was when we started improvising 11:01:51:20 11:01:56:05 and mixing borrowed words together, 11:01:56:08 11:01:59:00 just for fun. 11:01:59:07 11:02:03:14 We were just trying to entertain ourselves. 11:02:04:18 11:02:07:20 We weren't trying to creolize our language. 11:02:09:09 11:02:11:03 Sometimes I used French words 11:02:11:05 11:02:14:01 when there was no Atikamekw word for something. 11:02:14:03 11:02:15:21 That's why I mixed them together. 11:02:15:23 11:02:18:06 And it's just the same today. 11:02:18:12 11:02:22:10 The young people imitate what they hear at home. 11:02:22:12 11:02:27:18 That's what I mean when I say that we are partly responsible. 11:02:29:06 11:02:32:10 I was wondering 11:02:33:09 11:02:35:10 what we can do about it. 11:02:38:11 11:02:42:05 We should bring our young people onto the land 11:02:42:22 11:02:47:14 so that they can learn the language of the land 11:02:48:14 11:02:51:03 and other useful terms. 11:02:53:10 11:02:55:10 We should teach them these things 11:02:55:12 11:02:58:09 so that they can carry on 11:02:58:13 11:03:01:20 and base their knowledge on their experience. 11:05:06:12 11:05:07:16 Nichikw. 11:05:08:12 11:05:10:05 It's called nichikw. 11:05:15:13 11:05:17:16 That's what I sell. 11:05:18:11 11:05:19:19 The fur. 11:05:20:08 11:05:22:06 Also, mink and marten. 11:05:22:22 11:05:25:11 For the tails of animals... 11:05:26:18 11:05:30:06 Do other animal tails have different names? 11:05:30:12 11:05:34:04 And can you tell animals apart by looking at their tails? 11:05:34:07 11:05:36:06 Every tail is different. 11:05:36:14 11:05:40:09 The tails of mink and martens, 11:05:41:06 11:05:44:21 squirrels, ermine and muskrats, 11:05:45:20 11:05:48:03 all of them have different tails. 11:05:48:06 11:05:51:20 They don't look alike. They are all different 11:05:51:22 11:05:54:16 and they all have different names. 11:05:55:14 11:05:57:08 Like this part here. 11:05:57:10 11:06:00:11 Some of them don't have them, but this one does. 11:06:00:14 11:06:02:23 This one paddles with them. 11:06:03:22 11:06:05:18 Do their feet have names, too? 11:06:05:21 11:06:10:03 Do they have different names than the feet of land mammals? 11:06:10:06 11:06:12:21 Can you tell from how they look? 11:06:13:07 11:06:16:10 Of course, you can tell. Like some are swimmers. 11:06:16:13 11:06:20:01 The ptarmigan's feet are different from the otter's. 11:06:20:05 11:06:22:18 This one uses his feet to paddle. 11:06:22:21 11:06:24:16 See, he moves it like this. 11:06:24:19 11:06:26:23 Is there a name for this? 11:06:27:07 11:06:29:18 Yeah, it's called "piituushitan". 11:06:32:16 11:06:34:20 Thank you, grandfather. 11:06:36:19 11:06:39:18 There's even a fox here, a grey fox. 11:06:40:04 11:06:41:23 Do you want to see it? 11:16:39:20 11:16:41:21 Subtitles T&S COOP © 2017